Unit+VIII

Unit VIII Ch 31-33

Liberal State

 * Social Security
 * Medicare
 * Medicaid
 * Defense
 * Education (?)

Lyndon Johnson

 * 36, Democrat (1963-1969)
 * wanted to be a great president
 * food stamps, consumer laws, and __civil rights acts__
 * cut ppl who lived under poverty by 1/2
 * Vietnam War

Map of Vietnam

 * Coastal-long (Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea)
 * Borders: China, Laos, and Cambodia
 * Rivers-wet, jungle, humidity, sticky
 * Many U.S. bases were in South Vietnam, Thailand
 * N. Vietnam used Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply Viet-Con (communists in S. Vietnam)

Vietnam War Timeline
====
 * **1941**, __**The Vietminh**__
 * North Vietnam was controlled by Vietminh under the lead of Ho Chi Minh (communist/nationalist), they were against French intervention and declared Vietnam as an independent nation. They asked Truman administration to help, but Truman remained passive since French economy (thus European economy) depended on this possession.
 * **1941-1953, __The First Indochina War__**
 * 1949, France establish an independent national government under Bao Dai, a playboy of French gov't.
 * Feb 1950, Truman recognized Bao regime and provided France with military and financial assistance
 * 1953, Vietminh and French army fought at Dien Bien Phu. French suffered great loss and decided to give up possession of Vietnam.
 * **1956, __Geneva Conference - agreements:__**
 * immediate cease-fire
 * Vietnam would be divided temporarily along 17th parallel: Vietminh - North Vietnam, Pro-Western - South Vietnam
 * Vietnam would be reunited under one gov't in 1956 elections.
 * **August 1964, __Gulf of Tonkin__**
 * Johnson announced North Vietnam attacked American destroyers. Congress approved President to do anything in order to protect the rights of Americans from foreign aggression
 * **1965, __War at Home__** [[image:http://libcom.org/files/imagecache/teaser/vietnam-gi.jpg width="215" height="167" align="right" caption="Americans went on protest for anti-war movement"]]
 * American opposed war (students, journalists), and the economy decreased because of the war effort which led to tax increase and funding reduction in Great Society programs.
 * **1968, Jan 31, __The Tet Offensive__**
 * Communists attacked South Vietnam on Vietnamese's New Year, Tet. Many cities fell in the hands of communists
 * Brutality - greatly increased opposition against War in U.S.
 * **1970, __Cambodia__**
 * Nixon ordered bombing towards Cambodia bases which America suspected that North Vietnam used for attacks. Military leaders overthrew Cambodia government and established pro-America government under General Lon Nol.
 * **May 4, 1970, __Kent State__**
 * After U.S attacked Cambodia, great opposition against war rose within America. National Guard killed four college students along with two blacks-->Congress took away Gulf of Tonxin (president's rights to protect the country).
 * **1971, __My Lai Massacre__**
 * U.S. soldiers began to lose morale. Lieutenant Calley was charged with the massacre of 300 unarmed South Vietnamese.
 * outrage in America
 * **March 1972, __Easter Offensive__**
 * North Vietnam imposed the biggest offensive in 1968. Without America's support, South Vietnam would be defeated. At the same time, Nixon ordered bombing at North Vietnam capital and harbor to cut off China and USSR supplies
 * **Oct 26, 1972, __Chirstmas Bombing__**
 * [[image:http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1972_Xmas_Bombing.jpg width="293" height="196" align="right" caption="American B-52s released bomb in Hanoi, Haiphong"]]Kissinger-The plan reached an agreement to cease fire-->"Peace with Honor", but Thieu (South. V.)insisted full withdrawal of North Vietnam troops from South-->fire broke off
 * Dec 17, American B-52s started the air raid on Hanoi, Haiphong.
 * Dec 30, Nixon terminated Christmas Bombing.
 * **Jan 27, 1973, __Paris Accords__**
 * finally agreed to restore peace (stop fire immediately, North Vietnam release American prisoners, etc).
 * **March 1975, __Fall of Saigon__**
 * North Vietnam lauched attack, Congress refused to help.
 * April 1975, Communists seized Saigon while Thieu fled away. They named the capital Ho Chi Minh City. A the same time, Lon Nol regime in Cambodia fell in hands of communists


 * Opinion:** Vietnam war was not worth it because it caused great casualties and it affected American society negatively. It was never really won or lost. Also at the end communism was still not contained. I question the intention of Johnson for intervention. Does he really want to stop communism or did he just want to play a role in Asia by hoipng that Vietnam war would give America world position and power. During the 7 years war, nothing was gain but lives were lost. There were no real achievement in doing so.
 * imperialism - for reputation, play a role in the world
 * contain communism
 * North Vietnam wanted war because they wanted to be independent

1946-1973 (5 president)
 * Vietnam war was a direct result of Truman's Doctrine

Counterculture

 * "Hippies" Another youth culture like New Left. They are against middle-class value. They had long hair, sloppy clothes, smoked marijuana beer, open to sex, and did whatever they wanted to do.
 * challenged the values of American society, especially middle-class value (i.e. materialism, isolation from nature)[[image:http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/images/Sit-In_883.jpg width="378" height="241"]]
 * Many young adults began to imitate-->dress and act like hippies
 * books, musics, movies (rock 'n' roll) showed violence, drugs, and sex
 * American youth culture was emerging into a distinctive norm which contained challenge to political authority and craved for personal fulfillment.

Women's Rights
women having their own spaces (Black power)
 * Feminism** - a movement fighting for women's liberty and rights


 * Women's liberation** - end of conservative traditions, gender role, discrimination against sexism, to be free will and independent from male dominance in family, work place, government, education, divorce rights


 * Roe v. Wade** - law to privacy, legalizing abortion

Ronald Reagan - Economics

 * Reagan was a conservative Republican, a believer in Lassa-fair capitalism, anti-communist, conservative economics
 * "Reaganomics" or "Supply-Side economics: believed that American economic crisis was a result of excessive tax, which led to a reduction in investment
 * solution: reduce tax --> a decrease in government spending/federal budget
 * help rich people, who would help more people
 * Deregulation: least government intervention in economics
 * i.e. Environmental policies-open to development and private interest
 * Iranchoche affair -
 * "government is not the solution, it's the problem
 * Soviet Union - collapsed, Reagan-->ending the cold war

Chapter 31 Top 10 List

 * 1) **__The Great Society__**: Lyndon Johnson believed in a active government involving in reform programs like medicare, medicaid, etc. This decreased hunger and poverty but it was very costly.
 * 2) __**Freedom Rides**__: Organized by CORE (Congress of racial equality)-->demanded desegregation of bus/train.
 * 3) __**March on Washington**__: Greatest civil rights demostration to support legislation and fight against segregation.
 * 4) __**Voting Rights Act**__: Federal protection to blacks who wanted to vote
 * 5) __**Black Power**__: be proud of African American heritage, history, and culture.
 * 6) __**Nation of Islam**__: a black nationalist group in Detroit which taught blacks to live independently.
 * 7) __**Cuban Missile Crisis**__: Oct 14, evidence proved Soviet built missile in Cuba. JFK responded with naval and air blockade.
 * 8) __**The Vietminh**__: Nationalist party in Viet which fought against Japanese in WWII. Now led by Ho Chi Minh who was agaisnt American intervention which led to the Vietnam War.
 * 9) __**Opposition to War**__: Opposition from students, musicials, journalists and others revealed brutality of the war.
 * 10) __**Nixon**__: Republican, supported stability, law, and "peace and honer" in Viet. He won the presidential election of 1969.

Chapter 32 Top 10 List

 * 1) __**New Left/Liberal**__: Young people who challenged political system, social norms, and supported free speech
 * 2) __**Cultercultre/Hippies**__: Another youth culture - criticized middle class value. They often had long hair, smoked marijuana, drank beer, etc
 * 3) __**Native Americans**__: Poorest, least healthy and stable. Often were forced to assimilate to white culture.
 * 4) __**Cultural Pluralism**__: Rejected the idea of melting pot, multiculturalism movement
 * 5) __**Roe v. Wade**__: 1973, right to privacy
 * 6) __**Environmentalism**__: a belief that everything was related, and the destruction of one would impact another.(Earth Day)
 * 7) __**Cambodia**__: 1970, Nixon ordered bombing towards Cambodia bases which Amer. suspected that N.Viet. used for attacks. Cambodia gov't was overthrown and a pro-American gov't under Lon Nol was est.
 * 8) __**Christmas Bombing**__: started with the argument over full withdrawal of N.Viet troops from S. Viet. On Dec 17, American B-52s started the air raid on Hanoi, Haiphong. Finally, both agreed on cease fire.
 * 9) __**Nixon Doctrine**__: 1970s, wanted UN to help allies, but leaving responsibilities up to themselves
 * 10) __**U.S. v. Richard Nixon**__: Impeachment investigation: charged Nixon with Watergate coverup and abuse of power. He resigned on Aug 8, 1974.

Chapter 33 Top 10 List

 * 1) **__Iranian Revolution__**: U.S. provided political and military support to Shah of Iran in hope that it would turn against Soviet. But the new leader, Kohomeini, resented U.S.
 * 2) **__Sunbelt__**: used to describe the regions during postwar as the most dynamic growing parts (Southeast-FL, S. West-TX)
 * 3) **__Evangelical Christainity__**: Dominant form of christianity. They resented feminism, gov't, and Supreme Court Law on banning religions in schools.
 * 4) **__Proposition 13__**: one of the tax revolt led by Hward Jarvis in CA. Republican Conserv. attacked tax to discredit gov't
 * 5) **__Populist Conservative__**: distrust eastern establishmentand centralized power
 * 6) __**Reaganomics**__: or supply-side economics, believed excessive tax was the cause of bad economy. Proposed to cut tax and decrease federal budget.
 * 7) **__Reagan Doctrine__**: A new American activism in the thrid World
 * 8) **__Tiananmen Square__**: Hard-liners in China crushed student demostration for democracy with massacre.
 * 9) __**Dissolution of the USSR**__:Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader of Soviet Union. He was open to reform and capitalism which decrased Soviet influence and gradually, Soviet govt became powerless and died out.
 * 10) **__Invasion of Kuwait__**: Aug 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait (rich in oil). U.S. organized UN in a sanctioned trade embargo of Iraq.

DBQ

 * Title
 * put doc in parenthesis
 * start essay with general points
 * thesis goes to the end of intro
 * don'thave to always mention name of doc

DBQ Thesis Pracice An important social change in the 1920s was the immigration restriction. Through the picture of "Close the Gate", Americas in 1920s decreased the immigration rate from other countries.

In a piece for //THe Crisis//, Bishop John L Hurst argued that everyone should respect each's difference and background despite racial difference..

America in the 1920s experienced money boom, however the postwar era also suffered recessions. Economic figures from the time show that while Americans were spending, they were doing so on credit (Doc c).