ch+3+Notes

Chapter 3 – Society and Culture in Provincial America
Opening (65)

MI Colonies are becoming more English
 * Adopted style, taste, custom, political, cultural, edu insti of England
 * Diverging societies contain ppl from Dutch, Scotland…
 * European nd Native Americans didn’t remain entirely separate
 * Colonies becoming more alike

Colonies adopted culture from England, and people from all over Europe migrated to America forming a diverse society. Many colonies tried to isolate Native Americans, but they couldn’t ignore natives’ influence. Colonies became more alike in different aspect.

KTs

-In 1685, Calvinist or Huguenots moved from France -Germans also suffered religious policies. Many moved to Pennsylvania. north Carolina. -Scots-Irish moved to Penn, NJ for survival. || no commercial or industrial economy ||
 * Indentured Servitude (66) || Many ppl worked as servant in return for a passage to America, food, and shelter. But after they served the years, many were jobless. Many ~ avoided working in Southern colonies, it was one factor 4 the increase in African labor. ||
 * Death and birth (67) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Inadequate food, malaria, early death. In New England, ppl had exceptional longevity of life span up to 70 yrs old. In South, life span was about 40 yrs. 1650s.﻿ ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Midwives(69) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">17-18th century ppl had lil knowledge on medicine. Many moms died due to infection. ~ helped women to give birth, they also acted the role of doctors. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Life in Chesapeake(69) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women were married around 16. They mostly gave birth and also had greater power than other area because they are younger than men, so many became widow and control finance. Family became easily intact, infants died. But with popu increase, sex ratio became more balanced, idea of patriarchy revived(mens power) ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Life in New England(79) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">W married at young age, gave birth like Chesapeake, but family were more stable, and children lived longer. Men lived longer so W didn’t have the political power as a widow. They also were patriarchal Puritan family. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Middle passage(71) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Native Africans sold slaves to Europeans. Packed into the dark, filthy holds of ships. Barely any space to breath, food was scarce. W was abused. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Slave trade(73) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Caribbean islands and Brazil had large demand for slaves. Then African popu in North America began to increase esp in south. Many died due to harsh conditions. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Slave Code (74) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">b/t 1700 and 1760, Africans were treated like indentured servant wi freedom. But in the early 18th century, ~ indicates absolutely no freedom for slaves, and they should b servants permanently. If you r black, then u were subjected to ~ ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Immigration (76) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~from other parts of Europe increased.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Economy in South (78) || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">tobacco-in Chesapeake region, made great profit for southern economy. but over production
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">rice-economy in SC, Georgia. It was hard to plant rice, not many whites wanted the job, so they became dependent on African slaves, b/c they were more adapted to the environment
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">indigo-Eliza Lucas grew the blue dye which helped the $ in SC other than rice.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">$ in North(78) || * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">not much fertile land in north New England
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ppl were involved in industry at home to trade + 4 themselves
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">saugus ironworks-a technology success, but failed and clsed at the end
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">metal work was a imp part of $. but restriction from Britain limited $
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">no labor supply, small domestic market, lack of transportation tool, and energy supplies
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">fur trade decreased, lumbering, mining, fishing increased. extractive ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">technology(80) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">few owned plow, guns, rifle...b.c they couldn't afford them. many were self-sufficient. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Currency(81) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">no shortage on currency and pressure from Parliament made merchants to rely on a barter system. It was hard to tax on goods b/c the merchants didn't know if the product will b popular or not ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Triangular Trade(82) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">slave trade-exchange slaves in Africa wi rum, then move them to West indies, then exchange the slaves for sugar and molasses. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Merchant class(82) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-many merchants see that selling just to Britian makes no profit, so they start to trade wi dutch, french for $$$ ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Consumerism(82) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-increase in merchant class made alot of ppl buy things to prove their postion. Many things that were luxuries like tea are now necesity. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">social Mobility (83 || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Colonies became more distinct from England itself. The difference in culture, language, population made a great diff on ~ ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">plantation(84) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In good yrs, earn $$, but they couldn't control the market. ppl usaully fom their commuity next to ~. Slavery was a big part on plantaton, ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Slave culture(85) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">they tried to form families, but a family member cn b sold the next minute. They spock Gullah, and converted to christianity. House slaves had better treament, but W were often sexually abused. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stono Rebellion(86) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">slave Rebellion in SC in 1739. 100 African stole weapons and attack whites. But they were later crushed by whites. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Puritan Community (86) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Each settlement had a covenant. They open their own town under their own rules. They pick the leader every year like democracy, and if you were"selected", you get full membership of church

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-inherited property in split among sons

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As community grows, the land expands, ppl move closer to their land, and form another community over there. Men had more power over wives and children. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">witchcraft (87) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ppl associated wi ~ were harshly punished, many were put to death. The Puritan community didn't want W to b independent. Also ~ challenges church belief. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cities (88) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">commercial trading centers. Many were ruled by merchants whose goal was to make $. It was the center for industry like ironwork, and also crimes. Many schools were established. It had a elaborate political system. But very weak at trading, bc if fail once, the whole citie will be affected. High techs like printer, newspaper ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Religion (90) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">With the ideas of Great Awakening, ppl started to question spiritual power and believed in science and logic. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">great Awakening (91) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">brought the religious idea that ppl cn start a new life wi god. Jonathan Edwards gave speeches on absolute power of god ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Enlightenment (92) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">thinkers argued that reasons nd logic cn find why things are the way they are, not just faith. They looked to themselves for direction rather than god. This greatly challenges the church power. ephasised the imp of edu ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">education(93) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">boys nd girls attended public schools. Their rate of literacy was higher than many Europ countries at the time. Slaves had no excess to edu. Many colleges were established on a religious basis like Harvard and Yale. They learn a variety of topics. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">science (95) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">scientific knowledge were introduced. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin used a kite to test that lightning and electricity ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Law politics (96) || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">America gradually formed a totally diff law from England even though some laws are similar. The royal gov is far away, so many colonial governments formed. The governor appointed by parliament has basicly no power under colonial leaders. ||

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**WHD-The Origins of Slavery** (72)


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Handlin-slaves were treated like indentured servants, but then it turned out to be permanent service. Racism didn’t cause slavery, but it was created to justify it.


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·Carl Degler-against Handlin, says racism happened long b4 slavery, and it was the cause of it. And Africans were never treated like indentured servants.


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·Winthrop D. Jordan-like Carl Degler, says white thought blacks were meant to serve for them.


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·George Fredrickson-like Jordon, but thinks racism didn’t happen b4 slavery
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·Peter Wood-blacks and white worked together, but as cultivation expanded, there were a huge demand in labor, that’s why they have slavery to control blacks to work.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·Edmund Morgan-permanent bondage was a result of demand in crops. Racism was a result of slavery to justify
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">·David Brion Davis-happened long ago during American revolution
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Robin Blackburn-argued race was a factor for slave labor. It was easier to enslave Africans than French bc of their culture, color. And entrepreneurs make lots of $ of them than Free labor. He concludes the major reason was $$$, not racism.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I agree with Robin Blackburn that the main reason for slavery was because people wanted to make more profit. They had indentured servants, but having a free labor and which it is a permanent bondage, the owner will make much more $$$ of them. However, I also believe that racism happened long before slavery because why didn’t Europeans enslave themselves? They may have a good excuse to enslave Africans because of their color and their obvious difference in culture.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> [|piratepad C3 Q3-6] <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * Chapter 3 Questions**

1) How did the plantation system emerge and what effects did it have? -The plantation system emerged when tobacco was first experimented. Many plantations is far from the cities, many ppl moved close to it and formed their own community.Plantation is a dangerous investment because you cant control the profit. Slaves worked on plantation instead of indentured servants. Man black women were seually abused.The plantation helped to form a slave culture.Many slaves were treated harshly. One of the slave revoult called Stono Rebellion reflects the treament Africans were receiving.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2) Why were there a variety of religious sects in the colonies and what effect did the Great Awakening have?

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-The religious toleration attracted many sects to settle in the colonies. These people had different of views on many similar religion, for example, some Baptists belived in rebaptism, some believed in Calvinisim, The church of England was the official religion in Virginia, Maryland, NY. The Great Awakening brought attention to women and younger sons in religious field. The idea was that everyone can leave their past and start a new relationship with god. Jonathan Edwards preached the idea of absolute power of God, and destination. The Great Awakening is a middle period between the old traditional religious ideas and new reviving religious ideas.