Unit+4

=﻿﻿Unit 4 Work = Chapter questions 18-20 are posted.*
 * Notes for ch 16-20, questions for ch 16-17 are handwritten.



Ch 16 Preview - The Conquest of the Far West

 * Few Americans in the 19th century had the notion of traveling to West mostly because of the image of Great Ammerican Desert.
 * "Buffalo Chase" (435)-Indians survived mostly on buffalo which provided food and materials
 * Indians - unable to fight disease, not economically or industrially advanced
 * Discrimination against Chinese - b/c they worked for low wage which took away whites' job opportunities
 * bloody battle/rebellions fought b/t Indians/Chinese and Whites
 * white civilizations formed based on the influence of cultures of different demographic groups
 * survived based on


 * Far West** - beyond the west of Mississippi River. It's already settled by early immigrants in the early 19th century. - Mexicans, British, Indians, Chinese. Desert, mountain, plains, cold, and hot. Diversed locations.


 * Frontier** - the "unsettled" land-on the border of Union territory which is viewed by Whites as the "Golden West." Seen as the land of opportunities. Frontier - yet to be settled, taken advantage of. Something Great. No one knows what is in there. Positive, adventure, exploration, possibility, romanticised.

Myth v. Reality Chart

 * Myth || Reality ||
 * West - "frontier", wilderness || It was already settled by Mexicans, British, Asians, Indians from many generations ||
 * uncivilized southwest || It had a diversity of land, climate and groups of people. Ex, moutains, plains, cold, hot, Mexicans, Asians, natural resources. ||
 * Cowboy- freedom from social restriction, did what they liked, connected with nature. ideal hero, passionate || Cowboy - lonely, boring, depressing, isolated from the rest of the world, lived in wild, often no homes, sometimes harsh physical conditions, worked for low wages ||
 * Utopia- a perfect society for living and a place for a new beginning || Whites attacked Indians and discriminated against Asians for their own expansion which caused violence and sometimes resulted in blood. ||
 * To get rich quick, gold rush || many ppl mined, but only a handful became wealthy, tough conditions, needed equipment, group of ppl, a place to stay- a plan. ||
 * land was free, easy || when faced $ crisis, many abandoned land and returned to East. ||

Chapter 17 Preview - Industrial Supremacy

 * this time period is often referred to 2nd industrial revolution b/c it has a massive change and develop, much more advanced
 * late 19th century - mostly po-Civil War1880-1910
 * oil, automobile, types of businesses
 * birth of modern American capitalism-larger business, corporation,
 * Pittsbury- steel city
 * Petroleum industry - oil
 * Henry Ford - started Ford company
 * advanced research and development, --> higher education
 * Taylorism - a way of controlling the production to make it more efficient.
 * railroad expansion
 * transformation of managerial techniques - controlling the business
 * captialism-expanding individual opportunities
 * social darwinism - survival the fittest -->inequality.
 * immigration -->ethnic tensions
 * Andrew Carnegie (steel), John Rockefeller (oil), J p Morgan (finance) -->wealthiest Americans at all time
 * Status Quo - justifying how society is, social darwinism
 * labor union-wokers fight for benefits, compensation, vacation, etc

Connection of 2nd Industrial Revolution
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Immigration, urbanization, and industrialization
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Ch 20 Imperial Republic
Different ways to define it
 * 1. Territorial Expansion - New Manifest Destiny/Expansion
 * 2. Political/ Economic Infulence - extending power and INFLUENCE, not just about getting more lands
 * contunue to expand and aquire more land. Conquerer more countries and regions. Control the resources in different areas for their own benifit
 * industrialize nations and dominating pre-industrial/underdeveloped nations (who don't have tech + weaponry)

Motivations for doing it
 * to make the nation stronger, set up a supreme position in the world among the countries
 * increase in labor force
 * natural resources (people, sugar, oil, coal for ships)
 * land
 * create international trading/ commerce/ increase markets/ customers
 * social darwinism - motivation and justification
 * christianity, democracy
 * military, setting up bases around the world, (e.g. pearl harbor in Hawaii, need a station to China)

Examples of U.S. Imperialism
 * US taking control of Puerto Rico
 * Iraq, wanted natural resources from there
 * they tried to conquer Philiphine, annexation Hawaii
 * colonization in Latin America
 * Monroe Doctrine - US could interfere with international policies (e.g. Venezuelan dispute)


 * Imperial__ism__** - the belief in or practice of


 * Imperial__ist__ / anti-imperial__ist__** - person believing or practicing

Who

 * Jose Marti (led Cuban Revolution)
 * Theodore Roosevelt (assitant of secretary of Navy, leader of Rough RIders, victory over Kettle Hill)
 * Emilio Aguinaldo - leader of Filipino rebel against America
 * Dewey (who destroyed Spanish fleet @ Manila)

What

 * American declared war on Spanish to gain independence for Cuba and save Cubans from the tyranny of Spainish
 * When Dwey successfully destroyed Spanish fleet in manila Bay, reason for war is changing from feeing Cuba to conquering Spanish colonies

Where

 * Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Manila Bay

When
1898
 * April 25, 1898, America (Mckinley) declared war on Spain
 * Aug 12, 1898, Treaty of Paris ended the war
 * Dewey captures Philippines (America started to change its initial intention of fighting the war to conquering Spanish colonies)
 * US signed armistice on Aug 12
 * Treaty of paris - give Puerto Rico, Philippines, and other Spanish possessions to US + recognizes Cuban independence

Why
American motivations
 * natural resources (sugar from Cuba markets)
 * increase in labor (the labor in the undeveloped countries was cheap. America could earn more profit by using these cheap labors)
 * spread democracy (to save Cuban from the suppression/concentration camps that Spanish built)
 * imperialism (to exert a political and economical influence on Cuban, Philippine, Puerto Rico)

Thesis of United States history, 1780 to 1910
brainstorm Iris Natalie Group Mr. Max
 * just after the America independence from Britain 1783
 * slavery,
 * reform
 * civil war
 * reconstruction
 * industrialization
 * After America declared its independence from Britain, this newly formed natioin in the period between 1780 to 1910 was on its way of experiencing reform, dispute over political and economic power, and the influence of modernization in industrialization.
 * The United States between the years of 1780 and 1910 was a nation of development, growth and discovery. New ways of reform were shown through democracy, modernization, industrialization, expansion, and commercialization.
 * Between the period 1780 to 1910, America transformed from British colonies to an influential imperialist and capitalist empire through reform, modernization, and expansion.
 * From 1781 to 1915, the United States experienced periods of debate and division, as well as progress and unity in developing its own identity and becoming a world power. America expanded its territory while arguing over interpretations of the Constitution and the slavery issue, leading to a bloody civil war, from which America emerged to further industrialize and begin its imperial phase.
 * In the wake of its war for independence, the united States established itself as a democratic republic, expanded its territory, debated and divided over slavery, reunited to contunue a process of modernization and began to look toward influence overseas as the 20th century dawned.