Ch+5+notes



The declaration of Independence states all men are born equal, i think they said this just to sound nice and unit the Americans, but in reality slaves, women, Indian's rights were not preserved. Especially slaves, they were men born to this earth, but the racial factor or skin color blocked them from the privileges. || MI Americans were stronger after 1775

MI became independent and spread the idea of liberty and right, but they never followed these ideals. The military conflict with Britain and the political struggle within America pushed America further of becoming independence. Even though they said the reason for being independent was to pursue liberty and right from Britain, Americans ignored the idea and continued the spread of slavery, and limiting women and Indians’ rights.
 *  Battle deaths – fewer than 5000.
 * · Even wi Inefficient technology, their military was still more stronger than many powerful nations.
 * · Defeated Yorktown in 1781. Already a new nation in ppl’s mind
 * · Slavery, preventing women, Indians’ right when they talked about man’s right and liberty. ||

KTs + Notes
 -Decla of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms”-a much more aggressive doc for British. ||  2 parts 1)protect right, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness  2)all complaints ||
 * THE STATES UNITED(128) || Americans were long expecting a war with Britain, with the population, power, technology, $$$, it would be a challenge for Americans. ||
 * Olive Branch Petition || Delegates came up wi this to relax the tension bt American and British. Rejected.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common sense(129) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thomas Paine from England, a propagandist. Believed that Americans should be angry about English constitution instead of kings or parliament. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Decla of Indep || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Continental Congress declared that Americans can trade wi anyone but Britain. On July 2, 1776, ~was drafted-all colonies will be free and independent states, and they were no longer under the control of British, and there should be nothing connect with Britain. July 4, Congress approved ~
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Articles of Confederation(130) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nov 1777,Congress adopted, but didn’t give a clear meaning if Congress was to be a real gov. Now America was lack of a central gov. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">$$$(132) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Inflation, prices go amazingly high. Merchants started to do business wi British. America had to borrow $ from other nations to survive.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-war bonds, borrowing $ from its ppl, but few could afford it

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(speculators sold the bonds at a lower price, is funny how they helped the war, but end up losing the $)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-borrow from French

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-tax || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -wi foreign help from marquis de Lafayette from France and Baron von Steuben from Prussia, the army of fewer than 10000 men eventually defeated the most powerful nation later-Britain. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -most successful leader @holding the country 2gether ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">George Washington || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Was @ beginning of F+I War. He was admired, and became the unanimous choice of delegates, and took command in June 1775.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">British Advantage || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-greatest navy, military, equipment

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-war @ a diff country, not familiar

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-half hearted, cuz they think they go nothing to lose

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-underestimated America, Brit could win ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">America || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-still struggling to form its military.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-but fight on their own land

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-wanted to win(independence)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-help from France ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1st phase: New England || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-britain still treated Americans like little rebelliaon, didn't realize that Americans were determined to fight for their independence.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-battle of bunker hill resulted in a great casulty for British. forced to retreat from Bunker hill
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-boston was not a place to fight bc the landmark,.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-at Moore's Creek Bridge in NC, patriots atacked Loyalist, which stopped Brit from attacking at the moment ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Invasion of Canada || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Benedic Arnald attacked ~ in late 1775 after experiencing a harsh winter. With the help of Richard Montgomery, they assaulted the city but Montgomery died. The attack ended up in frustration.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The brit evacuation didn't mean victory. Bri temporary departure will come back again for a larger fight. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-navy from France, they also recognized America as a independent country || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-recognition of independence, territory, from canada to floria, and from atlantic to the mississippi. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-argument over representation(small states-equal, big states-based on popu) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-argument over western land(some wanted to claim it as its own, some believed it belonged to national gov || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-no slavery, promised religious freedom <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The decision was made by Congress(federal government) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Treaty of Greenville(154) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Little Turtle(Indian leader) during 1790 and 1791 led great defeats of American forces. They were defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and forced to cede even more land to the Americans as part of the Treaty of Greenville. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Valley Forge(137) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the loss at Germantown, Washington and his army rests the winter at Valley forge. Here, troops morale fell and many of them died to the hardships and the lack of supplies. Baron Von Steuben was a Prussian officer who drilled troops during the turbulent time so when the winter passed, the ragtag army transformed into a formidable fighting force. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">William Howe || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">William Howe was the commander until his dismissal. His blunders cost the British the most pivotal part of the war and ultimately the war. Historians debate whether Howe was fully committed to the cause. He could have been: sympathetic to the revolutionary cause, greatly afflicted by alcoholism, distracted by romantic relationships, or ignorant to the idea that the war was a war and not a rebellion. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Iroquois and the British (138) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Brants siblings
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Divisions among the confederation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Oneida and Tuscarora supported Americans
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mohawk, Seneca, and Cayuga supported British ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Aid from abroad || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">victory at saratoga attracted many foreign countries to help America
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Final Phase: The South || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Britain tried to undermine the revolution by amassing loyalists
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Underestimated the influence of Patriots in the South
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Overestimated the loyalty of Tories
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Encouraged slaves to join in exchange for emancipation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">George Roger Clarks and Illinois
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Benedict Arnold betrayed American
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">British capture Savannah and Charleston ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nathanael Greene || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nathanael replaced Horatio Gates after a loss to Cornwallis. He proved to a very able officers and defeated Cornwallis on several occasions. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of York town(141) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Washington along wi French forces surrounded Cornwallis, who then surrendered. The war was over except Americans didn't win yet since Brit still had the seaports of Savannah, Charleston, Wilmington, and NY ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Winning the Peace (142) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lord North resigned, Lord Shelburne succeeded
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emissaries wanting to talk with Franklin, Jay, and J.Adams
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">France would not comply to negotiations unless Spain got back Gibraltar ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Treaty of Paris of 1783 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">settlement bt British and Americans
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">loyalist+religion(144) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a fifth of popu were ~, some were officeholders, some were merchants
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All of them were harassed
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some fled the country and returned
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Loyalists were middle class, a fraction of them upper class
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Whether they left or not, loyalists lost their power and wealth after the war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Loyalists did not solely contribute to a social revolution
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The wealthy were still (for the most part) wealthy in the aftermath ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">religion || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many religions suffered, especially the predominantly loyalist Anglican church and the pacifist Quakers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Roman Catholism was empowered
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Charles Carroll and John Carroll, archbishop of Baltimore ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The war and Slavery || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Slaves were the largest group of minorities
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">War exposed the slaves to the idea of liberty, many could read nd write
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Open interracial disputes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stimulated black writers, mainly in the North
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Liberty vs. Slavery for whites cuzed an irony ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Native Americans || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Both sides of the revolution told Natives to be neutral – most were
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some feared that the British defeat would ensue greater encroachment
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Resist against American for taking over their land
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lord Dunmore’s War
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Massacre at Gnadenhuetten, Ohio, killed many Native Americans ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women(146) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">War left women in charge of farms and businesses
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many urbanized locations developed a group of impoverished women
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">They led riots and even attacks on occupying redcoats
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women helped in the army with “women’s” tasks
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Molly Pitcher and others involved themselves on the battlefield
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Advocacy for expansion of women’s rights, especially education
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Very oppressive policy towards women at the time
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Strengthened Patriarchy
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Republicanism Motherhood ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The War Economy:(148) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">No more trade with British ports
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">No protection from British Navy; antagonism from them
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Increased (diverse) international and domestic trade/became independent on making weapons and clothes ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Assumptions of Republicanism:(149) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">power from ppl
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Civic virtue(more landowners more success)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Equality – in opportunity ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">First state constitution || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">written constitutions unlike British
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">strong legislature, and limited the power oof executives ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Revising state gov (150) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Toleration and slavery || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-statue of religious liberty
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the distinction of power between government and church
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Slavery was being abolished, weakened, or deterred
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Manumissions in VA ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederation(151) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-congress-no power to regulate trade, draft roops, or pass tax directly. It had to request from legislature.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Diplomatic Failures || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-British still occupied along united states
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Disputes with the British and Spaniards after the war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">John Adam’s failed
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Britain’s disregard for the Confederation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Failed diplomacy with Spain ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ordiance of 1784-1785 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This organized the lands won from the war into plots of land to be speculated and sold at a dollar per acre. This also leads to conflicts with Native Americans. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Northwest Ordiance || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Northwest Ordinance replaced the Ordinance of 1784 and applied the grid method suggested by Jefferson. It divided the Ohio Territory into 3 -5 territories that could apply for statehood once the population reached 60,000 (white men only)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Little Turtle, The Battle of Fallen Timbers, and the
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays: (155) || * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Postwar depression
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Inability to tax
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Robert Morris and the “continental impost”
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">State taxes caused riots and mobs> shays rebellion ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">WHD-The American Revolution (130)

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">American Revolution was fought for different reasons depending on who you are. Like Merchants wanted revolution to save their profit while some ordinary citizens just wanted to defend their rights and liberties. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· George Bancroft-American Revolution was to against tyranny

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· Carl Becker-Americans were not just fight against Brit but also themselves for who should be in control

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· Arthur M. Schlesinger-merchants wanted to escape mercantilism that’s way thy started the resistance.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· Robert E. Brown and Edmund S.Morgan, Bernard Bailyn - argued that revolution was not propaganda, it was what American’s rly wanted

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· Linda Kerber-social conflict on poor, rich

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">· 1992 Gordon wood-revolution was a radical event.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I agree with Schlesinger. British brought back the old idea of mercantilism. Therefore many merchants wanted to resist because money was the most important thing to them. I think Boston Tea Party was an example of this because the colonists wanted ppl to buy their tea instead of the good quality tea from Britain. ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ch 5 Qs 1-3
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4) Describe the War Economy for the colonists.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the American Revolution war, the economy of colonies was independent on trading without the protection of British navy. American merchants had no access to Britain, many ports became hostile. However, American economy became more stable in the long run. Americans continued to voilate British regulation on trade. Americans in 1780 were finding ways to improve the economy by starting trade with south America.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5) Describe the initial structure of American Republicanism, especially the setup of the national and state governments.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The initial structure of American Republicanism was to perform the idea thta "all men are created equal." There was too much democracy, and many states revised their constitutions to limit popular power. The officials who wrote the constitution could easily violate them. Therefore, ex. created a constitutional convention. The executive branches also had increase in power.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6) Should the war be called “the War for Independence” or “the American Revolution?” What is the difference, where do you stand, and why?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The war should be called "the War for Indepence". the American Revolution means all the colonies were united together against the force of Britain. American Revolution doesn't have to have the claim of independence completely from Britain, it can mean that the colonists were tired of the tax, and the fact that they had no representation, and the colonists just wanted to change this.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">However the War for Independence means the colonies wanted to be completely independent from Britain. Even though Americans united at first, but after the victory, Americans didn't pay much effort to connect with each other. The new born nation was lack of a central governemnt. Sectionalism emerged with the increase of states' power.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">War for Independence, keep the same system, but change it a little bit to control a bit more ourselves

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">War for Revolution, blow up the whole system economically and politically