Topic+19+The+New+Era+1920s

=Topic 19: The New Era 1920s=

Sources of the Boom

 * **__American industries were the only ones alive__** after the depression WWI caused to European industries
 * Most imp - **__technology__** helped industrial expansion
 * i.e. automobile industry needs oil-->helped oil industry

Business

 * **Modern Administrative System/ Taylorism** : make divisions w/in corporation to make it easier for control.
 * a way of consolidating (control industry) in large corporation
 * Trade Association: A national org formed by members of an industry to encourage coordination
 * **"Welfare Capitalism" : ** an idea of increasing benefits for labors adopted by employers to prevent labor unrest and indep unions

Consumer Economy

 * **Wants > Needs**
 * Impact of automobile: away from city, relax, vacation, formed youth culture

Harding : 1920, passive, allow/ unable to stop political corruption

 * promised " return to normalcy "
 * Teapot Dome: Harding gave control of oil reserves to Fall, who leased them for personal benefits

Coolidge : election of 1924, also passive like Harding, but more honest

 * believed LEAST gov't intervention & pro-business
 * appointed business tycoons to his cabinets. Cut nation's debt from WWI by half through help of Andrew Mellon

Hoover : election of 1828, Republican, also passive like Har

 * Hoover's "association": believed in voluntarism of corporation and that gov't should be involved in national business to keep a corporative order.
 * industries would be more efficient throught national organization

Science/ Tech

 * Airplane, radial engine & cabins, telephone, computers, genetic research

Arts

 * //The Man Nobody Knows,// by Bruce Barton - Jesus was concerened in living a full and rewarding life
 * Harlem Renaissance : in NY, brought Afri-Ame culture to a larger society, raised self-respect

Entertainment

 * **Radio**: could transmit music and voice. By 1920s, almost every family had one
 * **Movie**: Hollywood
 * **Magzines**: //Reader's Digest//

Religious fundamentalism

 * Harry Emerson Fosdick: live a full and rewarding life
 * === Protestatism: modernists (urban, mid-class, pro-science ===
 * === **Fundamentalist (rural, traditional belief, oppose-Darwin's idea of creation)** ===
 * Scopes Monkey Trials: excluded Fundamentalists from Protestants, but still opened their own churches.

Nativism

 * National Origins Act of 1924 : mid-class progresives associated immigration w/ radicalism-->banned or decreased immigration from certain countries (East Asia)
 * The New Klan : a new group in 1915 (whites)-->agaisnt Catholics, Jews, and foreigners. Some leaders were from respected org.

Failure of Prohibition

 * Prohibition in 1920 did increase drinking, but increased violation of laws b/c of illegal drinks
 * Al Capone built a criminal empire based on illegal alcohol.
 * Wets (pro-prohibition), Dries (anti-pro)

African American

 * exluded from unions (AFL)
 * **A. Philip Randoph** : formed Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925. Represented black work force

Women

 * limited opportunity in professional field
 * turned focus to a companionate marriage (romantic love): changing idea of motherhood.
 * Margaret Sanger promoted birth control
 * Flapper: an idea that women should be free in syle, speech, and behavior
 * Formed National Woman's Party led by Alice Paul-->demanded Equal Rights Amend, failed
 * Sheppard-Towner Act : protective legis for women (prenatal and child healthcare programs). No effect

Resources Textbook - chapter 24 []