Unit+6

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==Us Steps from Neutrality to War Classwork: US Steps to War - what were the steps, from Declaring Neutrality to Declaring War, that led the U.S. to join WWI? Explain each step with a title, description, analysis, and image.==
 * Economic Ties to Britain - Americans leaned towards Britain and the rest of the Allied because trade with Allies
 * Germans challenged Britain's navy ships and sanked them by using unrestricted submarines-->killed many Americans, angered the society. (i.e Lusitania-British ship)
 * Zimmermann (German) sent telegram to Mexican leaders-promising to give them their lost land from America-->Threatened America
 * Russia faced revolution and the government was replaced by republican regime-->give America an excuse to ally with the Russia.

Chapter 24 Preview - "The New Era"

 * **"Roaring Twenties"** - busy, influential, exciting, prosperous, crowded (population growth, cities)
 * **Affluenc**e - wealthy, prosperous
 * **Conservatism** - maintaing the status quos, traditional values, not looking for many changes
 * **Cultural Frivality** - carefree (parties, dancing, music, independence)
 * The 1920s had tensions b/t older traditional folks and younger liberal Americans
 * 1919s, 18th amendment - prohibition of alcohol. 1920s was a decade of prohibition, and with it a __decade of illegal activities - crime, black market__
 * 1920s, 19th amendment - can't be denied the right to vote based on gender (nationally)-->a decade of __Women's role of change/contribution to the society.__
 * For conservatives, it was a challenge to their tranditional values.
 * More focused on domestic issues
 * Consumerism - Americans were becoming the "buying" role b/c affluence, conservatism, and frivality.
 * Things crushing down at the end of 1929s-->stocks, banks-->depression

"Self-Made Man"
The Decline of the "Self-Made Man"
 * The idea that man made success by their own hardwork other than luck or inheritance
 * i.e Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie
 * Progressivism emphasized on professionalism, so less people were able to become successful without a __professional training or a high education__
 * Thomas Eduson, Henry Ford, and Charles Lindbergh represented the technological
 * Men lost control and was dependent on the rules and social norms.
 * idea that success is going to depend on teachers, hardwork, colleges

POP Culture

 * Dancing Halls**
 * Dancing-carefree, African American brought Jazz to urban cities
 * young people found dancing as a way to relax themselves from work, family, and school
 * Some dance halls also included showcase of bands
 * the unsavory dance halls -->prostitution, buy drugs,
 * pop among working class and immigrants (as a way to assimilate American culture)
 * different races (black) danced separately
 * The Cinema**
 * US became the first real movie indutry, producing ten times more fiilms a year than other nations (dominated american and world market
 * Due to WW1 helped fasten production in US, as it made it decline in europe (half the theaters in world were in us)
 * Other counties did create own film industries like Indias's Bollywood
 * Asian fiming inspired America --> violence and martial arts in american flims
 * Hollywoood increases world economy because movies are shot in other countries and paid for internationallly (non american actors + directors)

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Chapter 25 Preview- The Great Depression

 * Stock boom led to sudden failure and bankrutpcy which could not be restored by J.P. Morgan and others on the Black Tuesday
 * Banks failed, prices dropped, Federal Reserve system s
 * People lost jobs-->many thought poverty and fate were determined by personal responsibilities
 * "Dust Bowl" - drought, no production
 * African-American- no jobs, homeless, disease, and segregation; NAACP worked for benefits of AA
 * Discrimination against Hispanics and Asians
 * unemployment - 25 %

Causes of the Bust

 * Stock market's sudden boom made ppl gave out easy credit-->soon crashed
 * Overproduction
 * Maldistribution of wealth - small % of ppl makes most $
 * Lack of diversification: $ depended on few basic industries, once they failed, the whole economy failed
 * Banking system-->risky, unwise loans. Lending out too high a percentage of their assets
 * farmers and small businessmen were in alot of debt
 * decline in foreign exports
 * international debt structure - outgrowth of WWI
 * people were overspeculating in the stock market
 * stock market crash -- Panic: most ppl sold the stock they had, few ppl bought any --> all prices went down

How did the bust become depression

 * banks collapsed
 * contraction in business
 * unemployment

Herbert Hoover
Foreclosure - lost houses b/c no $ to pay debt.
 * Believed in voluntarism-can push capitalists voluntarily into doing s.t. àtoo optimistic
 * Election of 1932 à resentment against Hoover.
 * FDRàppl’s hope were on him
 * When things go bad, ppl tend to go the opposite

Pop Cultures

 * Movies: fancy stuff, wealth, violence
 * Radio: sports, entertainment, news
 * Literature: more entertaining novels; not rly critical; depicting life of poor
 * The Grapes of Wrath-John Steinbeck: migration from Dust Bowl, harsh family decisions.
 * __Hoover wants Roosevlet to say "I'm conservative" to the public, which Roosevelt refused to say.__

Chapter 26 Preview - The New Deal

 * "Black" Holiday - Passed Banking Act, a relief to bank failures
 * Prohibition Repealed - Alcohol was allowed again
 * AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Administration, reduce agri production
 * "Rural Electrification" - farmers now had electricity
 * Section 7 (a) - encouraged unions, the rights of labor to demand
 * TVA- gov't fund in water resources, dam

Franklin D. Roosevelt

 * Ppl @ the time believed lassize fair system may not work
 * Won election with great support
 * FDR had CONFIDENCE in himself and his ppl
 * FDR looked at the Depression as a WAR against economic disaster --> therefore felt that he had the power to do whatever he can to save the country
 * Banking reform --> passed banking bills w/in fews days in office assured ppl that it was safe to deposit $ in banks
 * Strengthened Democratic party
 * gained support through repealing alcohol -->increased avenue and consumerism
 * 100 days, FDR, when many programs were passed
 * Agriculture and jobs --> top priority i.e. paying farmers to grow less (killed livestocks and crops)
 * Tenant farmers rented the land of a bigger farm. When gov't buys off from big farmers, these tenant farmers became homeless/jobless.
 * New Deal did not do much to address the issue of racial (AA)
 * formed CCC - gave jobs to unemployed youngmen-->gov's became the largest emplyer
 * National Industrial Recovery Act- federal control on business; planned economy (communism, socialism); labors bargain; encouraging gov't and business working together
 * oblisting, prapaganda
 * frances corpus (1st woman to join the cabinetw)

Ch 26 Top 10 Lists

 * 1) **__Glass-Steagall Act__**: Gave gov't the power to monitoring banks. Gov't protects deposits and insurance of ppl through FDIC
 * 2) **__Social Security Act__**: The 1st effort by W. Programs: Pension system 4 elderly; unemployment insurance; help to disabilities and children. Insurance not welfare.
 * 3) __**SEC**__: Truth in Securities Act of 1933àCorp. provides true info to public. Securities and Exchange Commission polices the stock market.Protected investors in the stock market, and clean up fraud.
 * 4) **__NRA__**: National Recovery Adm. àled by Johnson, created “blanket code”: mini wage b/t 30 to 40 cents/hr; max work hr of 35 to 40 hrs; abolish child laborà Believed they would á prices and jobs. Also made industrial code with industry tycoons about not â price for competition. Difficulties: NRA had no experience in performing the codes; codes were made by large producer who made it to their adv.; codes often á prices by so much!
 * 5) **__Section 7(a):__** ~, a section in NIRA á. Another failure of NRA. Suppo to give recognition to unions and á worker’s demands, but ~ did not include enforcement aspectàemployers didn’t follow.
 * 6) **__Court Packing__**: FDR clears court system, add 6 justices. He claimed court needed more manpower, but in fact he wanted to control court. Did clear obstacle for New D, but FDR got oppo from S Demo and conser.
 * 7) **__TVA__**: Helped to develop the south and use natural resources in a productive way
 * 8) **__Rural Electricitrification__**: Provided electricity to farmers-->most useful and important action in agricultural adjustment-->still in effect today.
 * 9) **__WPA__**: FDR est. Works Progress Adm. work relief 4 unemployed. Under the lead of Harry Hopkins, WPA was responsible for many public works created jobs (2.1 mill workers).
 * 10) **__Borker's State__**: Government played the role of broker, which acted like middle man that protects different groups and intervene when necessary. Gov't became active and African America